![]() White coloured particles dislike both phases equally and away from 90° the graphic changes the particle colour to reflect where it likes to be. But as the particle gets closer to the water or the oil in terms of contact angle, it is happier to be sitting in the relevant phase and not around the drop. In this region, whether it is o/w or w/o the particles are nicely clustered around the drop. ![]() The graphic gives some idea of why a 90° contact angle is likely to be optimal. The disadvantage is related to the advantage: the tough particle shell is slow to equilibrate during production so it is hard to get the emulsion into the final desired equilibrium drop size. At this point whether the emulsion is o/w or w/o depends on the o:w ratio, with the larger component tending to form the continuous phase.Ī great advantage of a Pickering emulsion is that they are relatively stable once made. The reason for the 90° "rule" is that in practice this gives optimal emulsification efficiencies as indicated in the app.
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